faeran

This issue has been resolved internally and will be out when beta 2 drops.
If you would like to help test the beta, here's the link:
 

The issue you are having is that you are trying to use the clear logo image type for an image that's not a clear logo, which is why you are seeing it show up in the spot that you are.
To use your example, this is a clear logo.

This is a fanart background:

Here's what those 2 look like in the playlist details:

Unfortunately, things are more isolated on Android. If the Android app has an exit button, that would be the easiest way to get back to LaunchBox. Most emulators have something like this built in, but each app would need to individually support some kind of exit button.

The only reason I've ever seen for the play button to not exist is if the ROM file the game is pointing to is inaccessible. If this is the case though, the button gets replaced with text that should read something like "unavailable".
 

Go into Tools > Manage > Emulators
Find your RetroArch emulator and edit it. Click the Update button.

After setting the button, restart LaunchBox, and see if that makes it work.

Device images have always been something you had to manually add into LaunchBox, so it sounds like sometime in the past you must have gone through that ritual
 

You can switch them, but only one at a time. Holding down on one of the platforms to open its menu and choose Edit Media and replace the Banner Image. Make sure the banner is the same size, I think they are 384x1080 if I remember correctly.