I'm very aware of HDMI's protocols and limitations. However...
Hardware restrictions wasn't mentioned, or even considered seeing that the original post was about a 4K display which assumes the end user must, or should have, decent hardware installed to get the intended performance. I ship about 5-10 custom builds a week and this is the most common issue I see once it arrives and the customer hooks up their build to a new 4k which will make make the GPU adjust. What's really nuts is when a $4k custom builds maxes out at 12FPS in mame because the customer has a $75,000 99" 16k QLED TV.