And remember, now that you are on Windows 64 bit, you will commonly need both versions of Software. x86 = 32bit and x64 = 64bit. So when you download RetroArch updated make sure to get the 64bit build, and with these packages make sure to install both version. If you download one and it says you have it installed already just skip it. I don't think these are all of the packages, but it's a good start.
Since you also just re-install Windows, every time I do I use https://ninite.com/ to install packages I need for my system and it makes things go by quickly. The only one I don't use from Ninite is the Steam install because I don't want Steam on my C drive, everything else I want on my C drive. I would make sure you at least get the "Runtimes" from the list.
Latest Supported Visual C++ Downloads
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2019667
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Most commonly used packages :
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=8328
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=5582
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=5638
There are x64 Bit Packages if needed :
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x64)
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=13523
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 Redistributable Package (x64)
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=2092
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1 Redistributable Package (x64)
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=18471